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INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RACHUONYO NORTH SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
(2025) TABITHER ANYANGO OGOLLA
Students are examined globally at the end of each level of learning cycle. The purpose of examinations is to help learners identify their careers based on performance. Students’ performance in Kenya and by extension in Rachuonyo North Sub County is still dismal; for instance in 2022, only 173,345 out of 421,748 scored C+ and above. This means that only 41.09% scored quality grades required for choosing competitive careers. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which quarrying, fishing, disco “matanga” and early pregnancies influence academic performance of public secondary school students in Rachuonyo North Sub County. The objectives of the study were: To determine the influence of quarrying on academic performance, to establish the influence of fishing on academic performance, to examine the influence of disco “matanga” on academic performance, to determine the influence of early pregnancies on academic performance in students of Rachuonyo North sub-county. The study was based on Walberg’s Theory of Academic Achievement (Walberg & Reynold, 1992).Research design used was descriptive survey. The target population was 1720 form four students, 50 class teachers, 25 teacher counselors, 30 teenage mothers, 25 principals, 10 quarry operators, 3 beach managers and 16 chiefs. The sample size of 325 form four students, 50 class teachers, 25 principals, 25 teacher counselors, 10 quarry operators, 3 beach managers and 16 chiefs totaling to a sample of 484 was used. Sampling procedures included simple random sampling for students and purposive sampling for teacher counselors, class teachers, beach managers, quarry operators and chiefs while teenage mothers were sampled through snowballing. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires and interview schedules. Validity of the research instruments was determined by experts in the faculty of education, while reliability of the instruments was determined using Cronbach alpha. Qualitative data was transcribed and analyzed for content in emergent themes and sub themes. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively into frequencies, percentages, means and further inferentially into t-test. The findings were that quarrying activities influenced academic performance highly with mean rating of 3.66, fishing activities influenced academic performance with mean rating of 3.74, disco “matanga” activities influenced academic performance with mean rating of 3.69 while early pregnancy influenced academic performance with mean rating of 3.73. Conclusion to this study is that quarrying activities, fishing activities, disco “matanga” and related aspects of these activities to early pregnancy highly influence student academic performance. The interview findings from the despondence indicated that quarrying activities, fishing activities, disco matanga activities and early pregnancy related to quarrying activities, fishing activities and disco matanga activities lower the academic performance of student. This study recommended that Principals should use the information to advise teachers and parents on the best methods of handling students affected by quarrying. Labour laws should come up with policies controlling fishing activities among school going children. Chiefs should implement recommendations to bun disco “matanga” which interfere with students’ academic performance. The findings would benefit stakeholders in improving academic performance of students in remote areas, quarrying areas and along the lake basin. The findings will also inform policy formulation and implementation with regard to students’ performance.
A class of integral operators on the Dirichlet space of the upper half plane
(2025) Wanja Mary
Exploring integral operators and spaces of analytic functions remains
a focal point for many mathematicians. While majority of the research
has centered around the analytic spaces of the unit disk. There has been
a growing interest in extending these studies to analytic spaces of the
upper half plane. The properties of integral operators on Hardy and
Bergman spaces of the upper half plane have largely been determined.
However, there is still more to explore regarding the Dirichlet space of
the upper half-plane. In this study, we have focused on the properties
of integral operators on Dirichlet spaces of the upper half plane D(U)
. Specifically, we have determined the semigroup properties of composition
semigroup; constructed a class on integral operators and investigated
its properties on the Dirichlet space of the upper half plane.
Applying methods similar to those utilized in the related works of Agwang’
and Oyugi, we identified the semigroup properties. We have
constructed a class of integral operators which is acting on the Dirichlet
space of the upper half plane employing the approach of strongly
continuous semigroup of composition operators on Banach spaces. By
employing the spectral mapping theorems and Hille-Yosida theorem
we successfully identified the spectra and the norm properties of integral
operators. The findings of this research contributes meaningfully
to the existing literature, providing valuable insights for pure mathematicians
advancing in this area.
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THE INFLUENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG PROCUREMENT PROCESS ON PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN HOMA BAY COUNTY, KENYA
(2025) MWONYA MERYL ADHIAMBO
Pharmaceutical supply chain mechanisms refer to the acquisition of essential medications in public health facilities. In the context of Kenya’s Homa Bay County, increased efficiency and effectiveness of these processes were helpful for the sustainability and reliability of healthcare performance. However, the observed frequency of stock-out incidences and compromised quality of patient care services remained relatively high. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of pharmaceutical drug procurement on the performance of health facilities in Homa Bay County. Specific objectives were to: investigate the relationship between need identification and performance of public health facilities, Kenya; analyze the effect of requisition of drugs on performance of public hospital facilities; evaluate the effect of supplier selection on performance of public health facilities' and assess the influence of price negotiation on the performance of public health facilities in Homa Bay county. To this end, a quantitative research design was used, where data was collected through administered questionnaires from a sample of 286 respondents drawn from various public healthcare administrative staff, healthcare providers, policymakers, and patients from different healthcare facilities. Stratified random sampling was used to select a representative sample. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze relationships. The research credibility was therefore established on the robust methods used in enhancing the validity and reliability of the study, making a significant contribution to enhancing procurement and, therefore, the delivery of healthcare. Quantitative data was described descriptively and analyzed using multivariable linear regression to examine the relationships between procurement and healthcare performance. The research analysis determined the significant causes of inefficiency in procurement, compared the effects of various tendering procedures, analyzed the sufficiency and use of budgeting in the procurement process, and established the role played by ethical practices in improving healthcare delivery. The findings indicated that need identification explained 18.3% of health facility performance (R² = 0.183, F = 13.499, p = 0.001), requisition efficiency significantly improved performance (B = 0.301, p = 0.000), supplier selection had a direct impact (R² = 0.231, F = 18.194, p = 0.000), and price negotiation factors accounted for 25% of performance variation (R² = 0.250, F = 20.118, p = 0.000). The study concluded that inefficiencies in procurement, delays in requisition, and lack of transparency in supplier selection hindered healthcare performance. It was recommended that public health facilities enhance procurement efficiency, streamline requisition processes, and adopt transparent supplier selection and negotiation practices to improve service delivery. The significance of the study lies in its potential to enhance procurement efficiency, reduce stock-out incidences, and improve healthcare service delivery in public health facilities in Homa Bay County, Kenya.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMAMNCE OF SDA CHURCH VENTURES IN KENYA
(2025) NICODEMUS OYUGI OKOTH
Effective corporate governance is vital for organizational success, particularly in intricate business settings. Church Ventures often face financial difficulties, including inadequate liquidity and significant staff turnover. Recent data highlights that a substantial percentage of these Ventures (65%) struggle with maintaining liquidity and experience high rates (45%) of staff departures annually. These issues often stem from inadequate board supervision, poor internal control systems, and insufficient strategic planning. Existing literature suggests a relationship between corporate governance and financial performance, but this connection is under explored within the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church. Few studies specifically address how governance practices impact the financial health of SDA Ventures. Additionally, the unique organizational structure and mission of the SDA Church present governance challenges not covered by general corporate governance research. This lack of targeted studies creates a gap in understanding how governance reforms could enhance the financial sustainability of SDA entities. Intellectual capital, including human, structural, relational, and strategic assets, is a key driver of organizational value and competitive advantage. This study aims to investigate the role of intellectual capital in moderating the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance in SDA Church Ventures in Kenya. It examined the effects of board composition, leadership structure, internal control systems, risk management, and stakeholder engagement on financial performance. Utilizing a quantitative research design guided by agency and stewardship theories, the study will collect primary data through structured questionnaires from 100 respondents (10 Chief Executive Officers (CEO), 10 business managers, 10 chief accountants, 10 internal auditors, 50 accountants, and 10 chaplains), supplemented by secondary financial data. A multiple regression model will be used for analysis, aiming to provide actionable insights. The validation of the data collection instruments will involve expert review to confirm content validity and instrument reliability through test- retest. The study examined the impact of corporate governance, leadership structure, internal controls, risk management, stakeholder engagement, and intellectual capital on the financial performance of SDA Church Ventures in Kenya. The findings revealed that board composition had an insignificant effect on financial performance (R² = 0.034, β = 0.076, p > 0.05), indicating that other governance factors play a more pivotal role. Leadership structure demonstrated a significant positive effect (R² = 0.271, β = 0.521, p < 0.05), signifying the importance of well-defined leadership in financial sustainability. Internal controls had a strong positive effect on financial performance (R² = 0.412, β = 0.643, p < 0.05), underscoring their role in maintaining financial integrity. Risk management significantly influenced financial performance (R² = 0.389, β = 0.617, p < 0.05), emphasizing the necessity of proactive risk mitigation strategies. However, stakeholder engagement did not exhibit a significant effect (R² = 0.029, β = 0.068, p > 0.05), suggesting that its impact on financial performance may be indirect or dependent on other factors. Intellectual capital was found to significantly moderate the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance (R² = 0.451, β = 0.678, p < 0.05), indicating that Ventures leveraging intellectual resources alongside governance mechanisms achieve superior financial outcomes. The study concludes that while board composition and stakeholder engagement do not directly impact financial performance, leadership structure, internal controls, risk management, and intellectual capital significantly contribute to institutional financial sustainability. It is recommended that SDA Ventures enhance leadership frameworks, strengthen internal control mechanisms, implement comprehensive risk management strategies, and integrate intellectual capital with corporate governance to optimize financial outcomes and long-term stability.
SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE SAGES IN PRE-COLONIAL LUO SOCIETY OF HOMA-BAY COUNTY; KENYA UP TO 1895
(2025) ONYORE KEITH BRIAN
Sages were instrumental in shaping the social, economic and political dynamics of pre-colonial Luo society. This study sought to examine the contributions of sages in governance, conflict resolution, economic organization and cultural continuity within Luo society before colonial interventions. The objectives of this study were to: investigate the presence and identity of the sages among the pre-colonial Luo society up to 1895; investigate the methods and processes through which sages transmitted knowledge and skills to the younger generation up to 1895; examine the socio-economic and political roles of sages’ knowledge and wisdom among the Luo society up to 1895 and assess the influence of colonialism on the status of sages of pre-colonial society by 1895. This study is anchored on Indigenous Knowledge Theory of Paul Silitoe and Basil Davidson, Functionalism Theory of Talcott Parsons and Social Contract Theory by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. This study adopted a qualitative research approach to explain the roles of sages in pre-colonial Luo society. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to collect oral data from informants including local leaders such as chiefs, Luo council of Elders and historians in Homabay County. Data was analyzed thematically based on content gathered and presented in narratives in a thesis. This study provides a deeper understanding of the role of sages in shaping pre-colonial Luo society. It will also contribute to cultural preservation by documenting the wisdom of Luo sages, including their economic strategies, social structures and moral teachings. The study establishes the presence and identity of the sages in premodern Luo society such as Nyakiti, Silermina, Gor Mahia and Ajwang wuon Yath winy with the unique items they possessed like, an animal remains and orindi as well as osimbo. The sages used methods such as songs, proverbs and riddles to pass information to the younger generation. Nyatiti singers of the pre-colonial time inspired singers such as Ramogi George to compose more educational songs. The study elaborated the political roles such as advising rulers and taking part in selection of new rulers among the Luo people, economic role such as advising on trading patterns and planting seasons as well as the social roles such as religion and initiation rites of the community and the effect of colonial rule to the roles of these sages. The study recommends the recognition of sages as custodians of indigenous knowledge, integration of indigenous governance models into local administration, revitalization of cultural education in schools and communities, inclusion of sages in community development planning, support for oral history and ethnographic research, and cultural tourism and economic empowerment through heritage.